تاريخ: شنبه ۱۸ مهر ۱۳۸۸ ساعت: 7:46
A Brief Biography of DalaiLama
His
Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is both the head of state
and the spiritual leader of Tibet. He was born on 6 July 1935, to a
farming family, in a small hamlet located in Taktser, Amdo,
northeastern Tibet. At the age of two the child, who was named Lhamo
Dhondup at that time was recognized as the reincarnation of the 13th
Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso. The Dalai Lamas are believed to be
manifestations of Avalokiteshvara or Chenrezig, the Bodhisattva of
Compassion and patron saint of Tibet. Bodhisattvas are enlightened
beings who have postponed their own nirvana and chosen to take rebirth
in order to serve humanity.
Education in Tibet
His Holiness began his monastic education at the age of six. The
curriculum consisted of five major and five minor subjects. The major
subjects were logic, Tibetan art and culture, Sanskrit, medicine, and
Buddhist philosophy which was further divided into a further five
categories: Prajnaparimita, the perfection of wisdom; Madhyamika, the philosophy of the middle Way; Vinaya, the canon of monastic discipline; Abidharma, metaphysics; and Pramana,
logic and epistemology. The five minor subjects were poetry, music and
drama, astrology, motre and phrasing, and synonyms. At 23 he sat for
his final examination in the Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, during the annual
Monlam (prayer) Festival in 1959. He passed with honours and was
awarded the Geshe Lharampa degree, the highest-level degree equivalent
to a doctorate of Buddhist philosophy.
Leadership Responsibilities
In 1950 His Holiness was called upon to assume full political
power after China's invasion of Tibet in 1949. In 1954, he went to
Beijing for peace talks with Mao Zedong and other Chinese leaders,
including Deng Xiaoping and Chou Enlai. But finally, in 1959, with the
brutal suppression of the Tibetan national uprising in Lhasa by Chinese
troops, His Holiness was forced to escape into exile. Since then he
has been living in Dharamsala, northern India, the seat of the Tibetan
political administration in exile.
Since the Chinese invasion, His Holiness has appealed to the
United Nations on the question of Tibet. The General Assembly adopted
three resolutions on Tibet in 1959, 1961 and 1965.
Democratisation Process
In 1963 His Holiness presented a draft democratic constitution for
Tibet that was followed by a number of reforms to democratise our
administrative set-up. The new democratic constitution promulgated as
a result of this reform was named "The Charter of Tibetans in Exile".
The charter enshrines freedom of speech, belief, assembly and
movement. It also provides detailed guidelines on the functioning of
the Tibetan government with respect to those living in exile.
In 1992 His Holiness issued guidelines for the constitution of a
future, free Tibet. He announced that when Tibet becomes free the
immediate task would be to set up an interim government whose first
responsibility will be to elect a constitutional assembly to frame and
adopt Tibet's democratic constitution. On that day His Holiness would
transfer all his historical and political authority to the Interim
President and live as an ordinary citizen. His Holiness also stated
that he hoped that Tibet, comprising of the three traditional provinces
of U-Tsang, Amdo and Kham, would be federal and democratic.
In May 1990, the reforms called for by His Holiness saw the
realisation of a truly democratic administration in exile for the
Tibetan community. The Tibetan Cabinet (Kashag), which till then had
been appointed by His Holiness, was dissolved along with the Tenth
Assembly of Tibetan People's Deputies (Tibetan parliament in exile).
In the same year, exile Tibetans on the Indian sub-continent and in
more than 33 other countries elected 46 members to the expanded
Eleventh Tibetan Assembly on a one-man one-vote basis. The Assembly,
in its turn, elected the new members of the cabinet. In September
2001, a further major step in democratisation was taken when the
Tibetan electorate directly elected the Kalon Tripa, the senior-most
minister of the Cabinet. The Kalon Tripa in turn appointed his own
cabinet who had to be approved by the Tibetan Assembly. In Tibet's
long history, this was the first time that the people elected the
political leadership of Tibet.
Peace Initiatives
In September 1987 His Holiness proposed the Five Point Peace Plan
for Tibet as the first step towards a peaceful solution to the
worsening situation in Tibet. He envisaged that Tibet would become a
sanctuary; a zone of peace at the heart of Asia, where all sentient
beings can exist in harmony and the delicate environment can be
preserved. China has so far failed to respond positively to the various
peace proposals put forward by His Holiness.
The Five Point Peace Plan
In his address to members of the United States Congress in
Washington, D.C. on 21 September 1987, His Holiness proposed the
following peace plan, which contains five basic components:
1. Transformation of the whole of Tibet into a zone of peace.
2. Abandonment of China's population transfer policy that threatens the very
existence of the Tibetans as a people.
3. Respect for the Tibetan people's fundamental human rights and democratic
freedoms.
4. Restoration and protection of Tibet's natural environment and the abandonment
of China's use of Tibet for the production of nuclear weapons and dumping of
nuclear waste.
5. Commencement of earnest negotiations on the future status of Tibet and of
relations between the Tibetan and Chinese peoples.
Strasbourg Proposal
In his address to members of the European Parliament in Strasbourg
on 15 June 1988, His Holiness made another detailed proposal
elaborating on the last point of the Five Point Peace Plan. He
proposed talks between the Chinese and Tibetans leading to a
self-governing democratic political entity for all three provinces of
Tibet. This entity would be in association with the People's Republic
of China and the Chinese Government would continue to remain
responsible for Tibet's foreign policy and defence.
Universal Recognition
His Holiness the Dalai Lama is a man of peace. In 1989 he was
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent struggle for the
liberation of Tibet. He has consistently advocated policies of
non-violence, even in the face of extreme aggression. He also became
the first Nobel Laureate to be recognized for his concern for global
environmental problems.
His Holiness has travelled to more than 62 countries spanning 6
continents. He has met with presidents, prime ministers and crowned
rulers of major nations. He has held dialogues with the heads of
different religions and many well-known scientists.
Since 1959 His Holiness has received over 84 awards, honorary
doctorates, prizes, etc., in recognition of his message of peace,
non-violence, inter-religious understanding, universal responsibility
and compassion. His Holiness has also authored more than 72 books.
His Holiness describes himself as a simple Buddhist monk
دیگر مطالب وبلاگ:
موانع و مشكلات امامان در مورد وحدت اسلامی عثمانیه تصوف در افریقا ارض موعود و صهیونیزم اهل بيت چه کسانی هستند؟ عقايد دينى اصلى یهود متون مقدس آیین هندو A Brief Biography of DalaiLama آمار پیروان ادیان مختلف جریانهای جدید وهابیت تحریف تورات و انجیل از دیدگاه قرآن تاریخ بنای خانه خدا، کعبه وضعیت ما روی کره زمین نوشتارهای شخصی من (سید مرتضی عادلی) احمد آباد مستوفی محبوب ترین مکان های زیارتی در دنیا فرقه مسیحی مورمونیسم رفتار پيامبر اسلام(ص) با پيروان ديگر اديان اعلاميه نود و پنج ماده اى لوتر مقايسه اى ميان انديشه هاى ماتريديه با اشاعره، معتزله و اماميه اخبار ادیان و مذاهب نماد ادیان بزرگ نمودار درصدی دایره ای جمعیت ادیان زنده در دنیا شایستگى زنان براى عهدهدار شدن قضاوت در اسلام اُشو و عرفان هاي هندوئي و نقد ادیان و مذاهب بر آن ژاپن و دین شین تویی امام صادق علیه السلام از منظر دانشوران اهل سنت آشنایی با آیین جین شکلگرفتن توحید برخی فضایل حضرت فاطمه سلام الله علیها در منابع اهل سنت (Images of religion) عکسهایی از ادیان و مذاهب مختلف آگاهیهایی درباره سیستانیهای آفتابپرست، براهمه مغ و کتاب برهیت سمهیتا Daily prayer in Catholic & church of England سيره پيامبر اعظم(ص) در گفتگو با آيت الله سيد جعفر مرتضى عاملى موحدان دروز شیعه و اهل سنت مشترکات و اختلافات وضعیت شیعیان در کنیا سير تأويل نزد اسماعيليان ابعاد عقيدتى و تاريخى ماجراى صليب در عهد جديد و قرآن راهنمای دین پژوهی در آغاز هزاره سوم رابطه ایمان و عمل در شیعه مصنف واقعی اسفار پنجگانه (تورات) طریقه صوفیه چشتیه در افغانستان كليساى كاتوليك - حال و آينده آيين بوداى نيچى رِن (NICHIREN BUDDHISM) زيارت در آيين هندو قاديانيه كتاب های مقدس قرائتى بر كتاب التوحيد اثر محمد بن عبدالوهاب عقايد دينى اصلى یهود موعود در آيين زرتشت خواجه نصيرالدين طوسى و اسماعيليان سلسله مراتب کلیسای کاتولیک رم تأثير انديشه هاى كلامى شيعه بر معتزله (1) مطالعه اديان و فلسفه آفريقايى مقايسه اى ميان انديشه هاى ماتريديه با اشاعره، معتزله و اماميه جریان های جدید وهابیت از دیدگاه دکتر عصام العماد بودا کیست؟ تولد و كودكى عيسى در دو انجيل غير رسمى تحریف تورات وانجیل از دیدگاه قرآن معرفی برخی از انجیل های غيررسمى جايگاه ولايت و عمل در نجات از نظر شيعه تصوف در آفريقا امر به معروف و نهى از منكر از نگاه اعتزال نقدهايى بر مسيحيت از علامه بلاغى تناسخ (دونادون) در دید خاندان الاهی (اهل حق) افكار نوافلاطونى و گنوسى در حديث يوگا تاریخچه واطلاعاتی پیرامون یهودیان افغانستان كتاب مقدس و پيام حضرت محمد(ص) بر اساس دفاعيه هاى مسيحى به زبان هاى عربى و سريانى در اولين قرن زمامدارى عباسيان نظام طبقات اجتماعى در آيين هندو مرجئه معرفى كتاب اسلام در كتاب مقدس همه
خداگرایی(پانته ایسم)، دئیسم(خداگرایی طبیعی)، دانشنامه دین - هاچی مان ،
جین جا، فرَوَشی، کامی دانا، ایسه ،ایزدکده بزرگ، ایناری جمعیت ادیان زنده